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Why Are Sunspots Darker Than the Surrounding Sun?

šŸ’” The Answer

  • Sunspots are cooler regions on the Sun's surface, about 3,000-4,500 K.
  • The surrounding photosphere is hotter at about 5,800 K, so it appears brighter.
  • Their darkness is an optical illusion of contrast; they would still glow red-hot in isolation.
  • Sunspots form where magnetic fields inhibit convective heat flow.

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