What Distinguishes Integral Membrane Proteins From Peripheral Ones?

💡 The Answer

• Integral membrane proteins have hydrophobic regions that embed permanently in the lipid bilayer.
• They often span the entire membrane (transmembrane) or are partially immersed.
• Peripheral membrane proteins attach only temporarily via electrostatic interactions or lipid anchors.
• Integral proteins can only be removed by detergents that disrupt the bilayer.
• Peripheral proteins are easily washed away by changes in pH or salt.